Heat oil in a non‑stick pan over medium‑high heat.
Add mustard seeds and let them pop.
Add the sun‑dried red chili and curry leaves — they’ll sizzle and crisp.
Add the sliced onions and tomatoes. Sauté for 8–10 minutes until the onions soften.
Reduce heat to medium. Add turmeric, chili flakes, Kashmiri chili powder, salt, and Maldive fish (omit for a vegan version). Mix well.
Continue cooking for another 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
If the onions start to dry out or stick, lower the heat and add 1 tbsp oil to help them cook evenly.
The sambal is ready when the onions are soft, reduced in size, lightly caramelized, and the oil begins to separate around the edges.