Turn on the pressure cooker or Instant Pot using the Sauté setting. Add the ground beef and cook until browned, breaking it into small pieces as it cooks.
Season with salt, pepper, and cayenne pepper if using. Stir in the pasta sauce and one jar of water or broth. Mix everything well and let it simmer for 2 to 3 minutes.
Break the lasagna sheets into large pieces. Arrange the pasta sheets pieces upright and sideways throughout the sauce, making sure they are mostly submerged.
If using mushrooms, olives, or jalapeños, scatter them throughout the mixture. Sprinkle half of the cheese over the top. Close the lid and cook on High Pressure for 20 minutes.
Carefully release the pressure according to your cooker instructions. Open the lid and gently stir the lasagna. Sprinkle the remaining cheese on top.
Let the lasagna rest for 5 to 10 minutes so the sauce thickens and the layers settle.